Although public funding is fundamental in creating pioneering technologies and businesses, the private sector should also play a leading role in the development and use of cutting-edge technologies. In recent years Spain has developed various different models of public-private partnerships, particularly in terms of infrastructure and provision of services. In view of this, these recommendations are aimed at maximising the optimisation of alternative funding mechanisms for Innovative activities and developing additional support services.

• Lack of personnel with experience in business oriented R&D&i projects.
• Lack of versatile mechanisms for the financing of Innovation.
• Lack of public incentives for Universities and Businesses to undertake collaborative projects, particularly at a national level.
• Excessive dependence on public funding.
• Insufficiently developed systems for private financing of Innovation.

The following recommendations focus primarily on the public-private sector and are aimed at offering additional financing alternatives which are complementary to the major European, national and regional programmes and other private financing options.